The Biden administration is voicing support for the U.S. and Egyptian security relationship as Congress debates restricting funds over concerns about human rights abuses and the Egyptian government’s crackdown on civil society.
Top officials from the Department of Defense and State Department on Tuesday stressed the importance of continued U.S. security assistance to Egypt even as the Biden administration raises concerns over Cairo’s assault on human rights.
“The bottom line for President Biden is that he values the relationship with Egypt, he believes they are an important security partner,” said Dana Stroul, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East, during a hearing with the Senate Foreign Relations subcommittee on the Middle East.
Mira Resnick, deputy assistant secretary for Regional Affairs in the bureau of Political-Military Affairs, said that U.S. officials have raised concerns over human rights in Egypt at the “highest level” of the government, but stressed that Egypt is a “critical security partner.”
“The president himself has underscored the importance of a constructive dialogue on human rights with the government of Egypt and we will continue to pursue this, even as we pursue shared security goals on maritime security, on border security, on counter terrorism,” she said.
The administration points to Egypt’s critical partnership on these fronts, its management of the Suez Canal as essential in ensuring commercial and military maritime traffic, and its leadership in achieving a cease-fire between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip to halt devastating fighting that occurred in May.
But Democratic lawmakers are increasingly raising concern over human rights abuses in Egypt as the Senate prepares to take up foreign policy spending bills that include the decision over whether to fully finance $1.3 billion in security assistance to the Egyptian government.
The House last month passed its version of the annual foreign policy appropriations package fully funding the $1.3 billion in security assistance through 2023, despite calls from Reps. Tom Malinowski (D-N.J.) and Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) to cut $75 million in assistance to Egypt over its detention of as many as 60,000 political prisoners and criticism of Sisi’s government for harassing American citizens.
Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), chairman of the Senate panel on the Middle East and a member of the Senate Appropriations subcommittee on State and Foreign Operations, is calling for the administration to withhold a waiver that delivers $300 million in military assistance that is used to override concerns about human rights.
The senator on Tuesday criticized the Egyptian military as focusing “more on internal repression than on regional security.”
“This is a country that is receiving significant U.S. aid, $1.3 billion a year, and in the midst of a dizzying crackdown on political dissent,” he said. He further raised the issue of Egypt’s two-year imprisonment of Egyptian-American human rights activist Mohamed Soltan, who was released to the U.S. in 2015, as an example of the government’s abhorrent human rights abuses.
“They would throw sick prisoners into his cell — dying, sick prisoners, let them die there, and let the corpse sit and rot inside his solitary confinement cell as a means to try and break him,” Murphy said. “That’s the kind of behavior we empower when we continue to send $1.3 billion to that regime.”
Federal law requires the secretary of State to certify the Egyptian government is taking “sustained and effective steps” in strengthening the rule of law, democratic institutions and respect for human rights in order to release $300 million in foreign military financing.
But the secretary can bypass the certification by issuing a waiver that it is in the national security interest of the U.S. to fully fund military assistance. Former secretary of State Mike Pompeo issued the waiver for Egypt in July 2020, a congressional Democratic aide confirmed to The Hill, despite initially considering withholding the waiver over the death of an American citizen imprisoned in Egypt in January of that year.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken is expected to submit his determination to Congress over Egypt’s human rights record and the administration’s decision over whether to issue a waiver to allow the $300 million to proceed, although the exact timing is not yet known.